India’s Trajectory in Future Climate Change Mitigation: Challenges, Opportunities, and Global Implications

Abstract

India stands at the central dogma of global climate politics, balancing urgent development needs with mounting international pressure to contribute meaningfully to climate change mitigation. As third largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world, yet with relatively low per capita emissions, India’s future mitigation trajectory will significantly shape global climate outcomes. This research article examines India’s evolving climate mitigation pathway through the lenses of diplomacy, domestic policy frameworks, technological transitions, and international cooperation. It further evaluates the structural constraints India faces, including energy poverty, financing gaps, and developmental imperatives, while highlighting emerging opportunities such as green hydrogen, climate finance mobilization, and South–South cooperation. The study argues that India’s future mitigation trajectory will be incremental, equity-driven, and highly conditional on international support, yet potentially transformative if aligned with global finance and technology flows. The paper contributes to the literature by situating India’s mitigation strategy within broader debates on climate justice, differentiated responsibilities, and sustainable development.