Bridging the Knowledge Gap: Assessing Cancer Awareness among Tertiary Students in Punjab, India

Abstract

Background: Cancer remains a major public health challenge in India, with low levels of awareness contributing to delayed detection and high mortality rates. Understanding risk factors, warning signs, and available screening facilities is essential for effective prevention and early intervention. Among tertiary students, who are future policymakers, healthcare providers, and educators, assessing cancer awareness is crucial for shaping informed health behaviors and promoting early detection.

Objective: This study examines the level of cancer awareness among tertiary students in Punjab, India, focusing on their knowledge of cancer risk factors, early symptoms, and screening facilities. The research aims to identify knowledge gaps and propose strategies for improving cancer literacy among young adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among 601 tertiary students from six districts in Punjab. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling, and data were collected using a modified version of the Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM). Descriptive statistics, including mean scores and standard deviations, were used to analyze awareness levels related to cancer risk factors, warning signs, and screening availability.

Results: The findings indicate moderate awareness of cancer risk factors (mean = 36.59, SD = 10.88), but low awareness of warning signs (mean = 19.50, SD = 5.79) and screening facilities (mean = 4.31, SD = 1.22). While 54.7% of respondents correctly identified breast cancer as the most common cancer in Indian women, misconceptions about male cancers persisted. A significant knowledge gap was found regarding early detection practices, with limited awareness of mammography and oral cancer screening. These findings highlight a critical need for targeted educational interventions to enhance cancer awareness among tertiary students.

Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness of cancer risk factors, significant gaps exist in knowledge of warning signs and screening options among tertiary students in Punjab. Given their role as future professionals, improving cancer literacy within this demographic is essential for public health advocacy and early detection efforts. Integrating cancer education into academic curricula, leveraging digital health campaigns, and community-based interventions can help bridge these gaps and contribute to reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality.